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Today's Health - Wellness / Exercise / Reflections:Circumcision may not curb gay HIV transmissionIn a study of more than 1,800 men from the U.S. and Peru, researchers found that overall, the risk of contracting HIV over 18 months did not significantly differ between circumcised and uncircumcised men.
Over the study period, 5 percent of the 1,365 uncircumcised men became HIV-positive, as did 4 percent of the 457 circumcised men, according to findings published in the journal AIDS.
All of the men in the study reported having sex with other men and were considered to be at increased risk of HIV infection because they were already infected with the genital herpes virus (herpes simplex type 2), which can make people more susceptible to HIV.
Male circumcision is far more common in the U.S. than in most other countries, and 82 percent of the 462 American men in the study were circumcised, compared with just 6 percent of the 1,360 Peruvian men.
The researchers did find some hints that circumcision could be protective among men who primarily had insertive sex with other men. Among men who said they'd had insertive sex with their last three male partners at least 60 percent of the time, circumcision was linked to a 69 percent lower HIV risk.
That difference, however, was not statistically significant, which means the finding could be due to chance.
Taken together, the results "indicate no overall protective benefit from male circumcision" when it comes to male-to-male HIV transmission, write the researchers, led by Dr. Jorge Sanchez of the research organization Impacta Peru, in Lima.
They add that studies should continue to look at whether circumcision affects HIV risk from insertive sex and do so in larger, more diverse study groups.
In general, the researchers write, public-health messages for gay and bisexual men should "reinforce the importance of condom use for HIV prevention."
The findings may help inform debate over whether circumcision could stand as a weapon against HIV transmission among men who have sex with men.
In 2005 and 2006, three clinical trials in Uganda, South Africa and Kenya showed that circumcision can reduce a man's risk of HIV infection through heterosexual sex by up to 60 percent.
The World Health Organization now recommends medically supervised circumcision as one way to lower men's risk of HIV in countries where heterosexual transmission is common.
But the public-health value of circumcision in other countries, including the U.S., is a contentious issue. Most HIV infections in the U.S. are related to homosexual sex or IV drug use and studies have yet to find strong evidence that circumcision lowers HIV transmission among men who have sex with men.
Circumcision is thought to lower the heterosexual transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases through several mechanisms. One is by reducing the amount of mucosal tissue exposed during sex, which limits the viruses' access to the body cells they target. Another theory is that the thickened skin that forms around the circumcision scar helps block the viruses' entry.
One reason circumcision might have little effect on homosexual HIV transmission is that it would have no impact on the risk from receptive anal sex. Experts have also pointed out that in wealthier countries, many HIV-positive people are on powerful anti-viral drugs that reduce the risk of transmission, and any added effect of circumcision might be small.
Currently, the American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend routine circumcision for newborns, citing insufficient evidence of overall health benefits. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, meanwhile, is in the process of developing recommendations on adult and infant circumcision for lowering HIV risk.
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This group is called "Peckers PICS." The English - slang definition of "pecker" is to pluck at the truth. Therefore, we peck at items such as Gay Men's Health, Male Fitness, Gay (LGBT) Politics & Issues. In this section you may peck at each photo in order to decide the winner of the "war of the fittest!" Whereas, you should select the guy that may inspire you to exercise and "get fit!" Warning: This may stoke you!
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48London Gay Pride; July 3, 2010
London Gay Pride; July 3, 2010
About / Deborah White; Dec 7, 2010Elizabeth Edwards (attorney, political activist, best-selling author, and wife of 2008 presidential candidate John Edwards) passed away peacefully at home, surrounded by family, on December 7, 2010. Just yesterday, Elizabeth authorized release of the heartbreaking news that she is discontinuing treatment to inhibit the spread of stage-four cancer.Elizabeth Edwards has long been an activist-leader in Democratic politics and is a Senior Fellow at progressive think-tank Center for American Progress. In recent years, she has served as effective spokeswoman for health care reform, including testifying before Congress on October 20, 2009 about health care coverage affordability.
Ms. Edwards has also persuasively advocated for same-sex marriage, in contrast to her husband's "conflicted" feelings on the issue. In 2007, she declared, "I don't know why somebody else's marriage has anything to do with me. I'm completely comfortable with gay marriage."
Elizabeth Edwards was a feisty, full-partner in John Edward's run to secure the 2008 Democratic Party presidential nomination. Said she during the campaign:
"John has a set of things in which he believes, and those are the reasons he's running. He really believes in those things: eliminating poverty, and really doing something about universal health care, and standing up to the President on the war, and going after the environment in a really aggressive way."
Ms. Edwards was first diagnosed with breast cancer in November 2004, but was believed cancer-free two years later. In March 2007, she suffered a recurrence, and has since been receiving treatment.
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